See https://github.com/web-platform-tests/wpt/pull/41431 for the failing test. This is needed for the Zoom web client's usage of WebCodecs.
<rdar://problem/117755121>
This works for me in Safari Tech Preview and in a recent iOS build. Have you tried iOS 17.2 beta? Note that in realtime mode, encoder may drop some frames.
This works for me now in Safari and Safari Tech Preview. Not sure when it changed.